The 17 Cleanest Protein Bars in 2023 | Study Extra about Pure & Natural Excessive Protein Bars

Consuming meals with out a barcode (AKA recent and unprocessed meals!) is all the time an ideal concept however when you find yourself sprinting by an airport or mountain climbing all around the universe to work or class, barcode-free meals are sometimes scarce. Moreover, whenever you’re making an attempt to help with restoration, carry on observe with coaching, or making an attempt to realize wholesome weight acquire, having clear and handy meals choices between meals or on the run is essential.
So my pals, at this time we’ll supply a fast overview on among the CLEANEST protein bars cash should purchase. In case you are on the lookout for pure and natural excessive protein bars then you will have come to the suitable place!
Discover a Clear Protein Bar Label
First, earlier than we dive into the great, I’d like to point out you a short instance of the dangerous.
I usually ask my athletes and executives to carry me labels of what they’re consuming so we will overview the merchandise collectively. I make this request as a result of it’s all too frequent for a person to inform me “I discovered one of the best protein bar ever! It has ____ grams of protein and only____ grams of sugar!!” After which after I lastly see the product’s ingredient record, I do my finest to not mini-barf in my mouth, figuring out that they’re ingesting inflammatory toxins and different junk day in and time out. I remind myself to remain calm after which put together to politely open their eyes to all they’ve been ingesting.
Here’s a label that was delivered to us not too long ago:
Absolutely the worst half about this label is the truth that it’s one for a bar that’s bought in nearly each single grocery retailer within the U.S.
This firm advertises most closely to athletes trying to attain their day by day protein aim, the busy government, and the common Joe making an attempt to curb cravings so as to obtain fast weight reduction. It’s fascinating that this bar is touted as an ideal snack to maintain you energized, but the overwhelming majority of its substances are extraordinarily inflammatory which is able to run you down.
Our aim is definitely to not sit right here and bash an organization, however we do need you as our beloved FWDfuel readers to be an informed client. We wish to enable you really feel higher every day however extra importantly, that can assist you to forestall additional well being problems as you age. That is completed finest by conserving a detailed eye on what you set in your mouth. On a constructive notice, we’re so glad this firm was form sufficient to tell us we could expertise a laxative impact with extreme consumption.
I may sit right here all day and dissect the label however since my aim is to focus on the very best quality bars, I’ll simply contact upon probably the most distinguished purple flags to scan for when studying the labels for potential protein bars.
Pink Flag #1: Carrageenan
Carrageenan is a thickening agent derived from seaweed. The analysis is unclear with mainstream meals scientists with supported by the massive meals firms claiming it as OK after which worldwide consultants not having their pockets padded by the meals firms stating we have to proceed with excessive warning with this meals additive.
In examing the analysis, most research carried out on carrageenan used animals, others had small pattern sizes, and nobody has examined its impact on the microbiome atmosphere or micro organism within the colon.
So, listed below are a couple of info about carrageenan:
- The Worldwide Company for Analysis on Most cancers which states that degraded carrageenan is “presumably carcinogenic in people ”[1]
- Analysis carried out in 2017 by a bunch of scientists in Israel acknowledged, “Carrageenan could scale back protein and peptide bioaccessibility, disrupt regular epithelial perform, promote intestinal irritation, and consequently compromise client well being.”[2,3]
- The Middle for Science within the Public Curiosity lists carrageenan in its record of Chemical Cuisine food additives beneath the class of “warning”, effectively beneath the opposite classes of “Protected” and “Lower Again”.[4]
Whereas a couple of bites right here and there would possible not trigger an issue, carrageenan is a standard additive present in all the things from nut milks, to salad dressings, dairy merchandise, snack bars and past, due to this fact, you have to be further cautious as the quantity consumed can add up within the blink of an eye fixed. Much more, when you’re an athlete battling leaky intestine or an endurance athlete prone to intestine points, it would be best to steer clear to this performance-robbing, brain-fog-inducing, meals additive.
Pink Flag #2: Sucralose
This synthetic sweetener, commercially often known as Splenda isn’t as “candy” as we as soon as thought. Sucralose is the chemical mixture of sucrose and chlorine. Sure, that’s right, it’s sucrose combined with chlorine.
Sucralose is made by changing 3 elements of the sugar molecule with chlorine. So, every sucralose molecule consists of 3 atoms of chlorine.
Researchers have come to the conclusion that sucralose has the power to vastly lower the helpful micro organism in our intestine thereby altering the composition of our microbiome and enzymes.[5,6] The long run repercussions of this will embrace however are usually not restricted to poor blood sugar and physique weight management, inflammatory bowel illness, modifications in temper and metabolism.
Fascinated by studying extra fascinating info about synthetic sweeteners? Try our put up 9 Synthetic Sweetener Facet Results: Details You Have to Know.

Pink Flag #3: Maltitol
Until your favourite pastime is experiencing bloating, gasoline, and diarrhea, I’d not advocate consuming maltitol on a routine foundation. Sure, it does have a decrease caloric worth and glycemic index than desk sugar BUT maltitol is a sugar alcohol that our our bodies don’t absolutely digest. Consequently, many people expertise digestive discomfort with repeated consumption (assume laxative).[6.7.8] Though it’s fully attainable to devour maltitol in small quantities with out experiencing digestive misery, that sadly isn’t a standard prevalence.
Pink Flag #4: Processed Soy
Final however not least, there may be an amazing quantity of processed soy on this product. Now, earlier than all my plant-based peeps throw their fingers within the air with disgust, please be aware of the truth that natural, unprocessed soy might be an superior addition to your weight loss plan. Excessive-quality soy is extraordinarily nutrient-dense. I’m solely referring to the processed, “filler” soy laced all through this product.
Is there sturdy analysis stating that processed soy is a matter? Nope, however I’ve coached a number of hundreds of people and one main sample I’ve observed over time is a response to processed soy.
Pink Flag #5: Excessive Fructose Corn Syrup
Unhappy however true, the protein bars that style probably the most like sweet have that taste profile for good reason- they’re made with most of the identical substances as your favourite sweet!! The large mac daddy of all of them? Excessive Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS)! Actually, we may create a whole put up on the risks of long run consumption of HFCS however here’s a temporary and completely simplified abstract:
- HFCS is derived from corn syrup and it comprises a mix of glucose and fructose.
- HFCS is metabolized otherwise within the physique in comparison with glucose. Our liver is the one organ that may metabolize small quantities of fructose and when fructose consumption is excessive, our liver is burdened and turns the fructose into fats. [9]
- HFCS is a MAJOR driver of irritation and due to this fact frequent consumption can result in well being points akin to weight problems, fatty liver, insulin resistance and diabetes.
- Additionally, let’s not overlook that it comprises zero important vitamins!! In different phrases, HFCS does completely nothing in your well being.
Posts associated to our Cleanest Protein Bars put up:f9
The Cleanest Protein Bars on the Planet are…
#1 RAWR Organics Bars

- Bars are made FRESH to order
- Paleo and keto-friendly
- 18-21g of protein, relying on which bar you select
- Easy, actual, natural substances that style nice & fill you up
Have you ever ever heard of protein bars made to order? Most likely not, as a result of they hardly ever exist.
Enter RAWR Organic Bars who makes your protein bars after they obtain your order! Why does this matter? As a result of the longer issues sit on cabinets earlier than they attain your mouth, the extra dietary worth they lose. Having your whole-food protein bars made recent each time you buy them is cause alone for being the highest decide for the cleanest protein bars on the planet.
Made with all natural substances, RAWR Organics bars take the highest spot for 3 causes: clear substances, style, and the suitable combo of substances/macro’s to really fill you up. In each bar, you will see that 8 tremendous clear and easy core substances akin to Himalayan Pink Sea Salt, cold-pressed coconut oil, floor flax seed, and extra.
These core substances are as pure as you will see that available on the market.Whereas there are some bars which will have much less sugar, few bars have higher style, extra protein, a greater macronutrient stability, and higher whole-food, anti-inflammatory substances! Not in love with RAWR Organic Bars but?
They donate 10% of web proceeds to feed hungry kids in Africa and are within the course of of growing a bar for hungry kids that will be a meal substitute. Let the 🎤 drop, ‘nuf mentioned!
Necessary notice: As a result of these bars don’t have any fillers or preservatives, they’re finest stored within the fridge. They keep recent 1 month on the shelf, 6 months within the fridge, and 12 months within the freezer. We favor to eat ours proper out of the fridge as a result of they maintain collectively higher whenever you eat them.
#2 R.E.D.D. Bar (Radiant Vitality Deliciously Delivered)

- 1 Billion CFU of Probiotics, prebiotics, phytonutrients, and adaptogens multi function bar!
- Solely 2g of sugar + 10g of protein
- Full of “radiance-boosting superfoods”
- Non-GMO Verified & Licensed GF and Vegan
Loads of bars today at the moment are utilizing whole-food substances. Few are utilizing as highly effective of superfoods as R.E.D.D. is.
The R.E.D.D. Bar, Chocolate Vegan Protein Bar superfoods embrace an adpogentic mushroom mix (cordyceps, reishi, and chaga), maca root, chia, goji berries, acai, turmeric, annnndd quinoa. Strive topping that!
Utilizing largely natural substances and a novel natural plant-based protein mix of pea protein, hemp protein, and pumpkin seed protein, that is undoubtedly probably the greatest natural protein bars.
With 10g of protein, 15g of fiber, 11g of fats and superb style, it’s exhausting to discover a bar that does a greater job of mixing style, superfoods, adaptogens, and protein!
Whereas we highlighted the R.E.D.D. Bar, Chocolate Vegan Protein Bar, R.E.D.D. additionally provides Peanut Butter, Mint Chocolate, Oatmeal, and Salted Carmel flavored all pure protein bars.
#3 GoMacro MacroBars

If you speak in regards to the cleanest protein bar on the planet, it’s exhausting to beat one with these certifications: USDA Natural, Licensed GF, Non-GMO Undertaking Verified, Kosher, Licensed C.L.E.A.N., Licensed R.A.W., and extra. Including to their spectacular resume is the truth that GoMacro was began by a mother-daughter crew and makes use of 100% renewable vitality to gas their manufacturing facility.
GoMacro MacroBars are made with 100% plant-based organic ingredients and freed from gluten, dairy, and soy. Packing 10-11g of protein and 10-11g of fats per serving, these bars will maintain your blood sugar steady and starvation at bay. Including to the joy is their introduction of latest and thrilling flavors akin to Maple Sea Salt, Oatmeal Chocolate Chip, Apple Cinnamon, and Mocha Chocolate Chip. We advocate you strive the GoMacro Variety Pack to determine your favourite taste.
And for many who are label studying fanatics, sure, we do see brown rice syrup on there however please take note we’re working with busy athletes who usually want ample energy on the go! On the earth of protein bars, it could actually generally be a troublesome activity to seek out one thing that has stable substances and an applicable macronutrient stability alongside nice style!
#4 Epic Meat Bars
If a granola bar had a child with a pile of jerky, the top end result could be a meat bar and nobody beats the standard and style of Epic All Natural Meat Bars!
What makes these bars so clear? Epic Bars are Licensed Gluten Free, Paleo pleasant, Keto pleasant, Complete-30 Authorised, Non-GMO Undertaking Verified,and sourced from pastured, grass-fed meats.
With flavors like Sriracha Chicken, Baison Bacon Cranberry (My favourite), Turkey Almond-Cranberry, and Habanero-Cherry Beef, your tastebuds might be having such a celebration that you just received’t even notice you simply swallowed a bar of meat. With 9-15g of high-quality protein, ZERO added sugar, and only some clear substances in every bar, we maintain Epic Meat Bars helpful when a clear, whole-food meal is out of attain.
#5-6 Wellcome Salted Caramel & Tart Cherry Adaptogenic Bars

- Solely bar with marine collagen protein- a extra sustainable collagen than bovine
- Consists of 3g of MCT oil for steady vitality
- One bar centered on vitality +n focus with reishi mushrooms & one other on decreasing stress with ashwagandha and l-theanine
The Wellcome Adaptogenic Bars are uniquely formulated with adaptogens, collagen, MCT, and good-gut-bug feeding fiber to make for a bar that gives regular vitality.

Being freed from gluten, dairy, soy, egg, palm-oi, and refined sugar, in addition to being Non-GMO Licensed and with 13-14g of protein, this bar is a worthy contender on any record discussing all pure protein bars.
The actually massive factor. that units Wellcome Bars aside from finest clear protein bars is their distinctive providing of 1 bar serving to enhance focus and one other serving to scale back stress.
By including reishi mushrooms, the Wellcome Salted Caramel Adaptogenic Bars assist with Vitality & Immunity. On the different finish of the spectrum, the Wellcome Tart Cherry Adaptogenic Bar might help you loosen up and unwind.
#7 RXBAR Bars Actual Meals Protein Bars

RXBar is recreation changer. Actually. Since they got here out with their clear and power-packed bar a few years in the past, they’ve been copied by Bare Diet and Epic solely to see these merchandise fail. Imitation is one of the best type of flattery proper?
RXBAR’s are simple and pure with exception to the “Pure Flavors” within the substances (which is why we dropped it a number of spots on our record in comparison with others). We imagine it’s unclear and results in an absence of belief when an organization makes use of the imprecise ingredient “Pure Flavors”.
Their bars usually include simply 5-7 substances, 0 grams of added sugar, and 12g of protein. To not point out, the flavors and texture are on level!
RXBAR has sought to compete with others by staying forward of the sport with a HUGE number of artistic flavors akin to Pumpkin Spice, Peanut Butter & Berries, Coffee Chocolate, Mango Pinapple, Maple Sea Salt, and far way more. So, if you wish to try the OG of easy and clear protein bars, you should definitely give a range pack of RXBARs Real Food Protein Bars a strive.
#8 Wild Zora Meat and Veggie Bars

Most of us have heard or know already how vital it’s to include a whole lot of crops and coloration in our weight loss plan. Properly, how do you do this with snacks on the go that also fill you up? Wild Zora is the reply. These are meat bars combined with natural greens and fruit akin to spinach, apricots, dates, rosemary, turmeric, basil, kale, cilantro, sage, thyme, and extra relying on which selection you order.
Began by a husband-wife crew, when Zora Tabin struggled to seek out clear snacks for her children, therefore why these are one of many cleanest protein bars you will see that and sure the ONLY ones obtainable with actual natural greens inside.
Out there in a number of varieties all with grass-fed or free-range meats akin to Mediterranean Lamb Bars with Spinach, Rosemary & Turmeric and Curry Masala Turkey Bars with Spinach, Dates & Cardamom, Wild Zora Bars are effectively price trying out. All their bars are gluten/dairy/soy/dairy/nut free, Autoimmune Protocol Pleasant, Paleo Licensed, and Whole30 permitted. Begin with a variety pack of 7 different flavors to seek out your favourite.

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#9 Backyard of Life SPORT Natural Plant-Based mostly Efficiency Protein Bars

Are you a extremely aggressive athlete and on the lookout for a protein bar that has all of it? The Garden of Life SPORT Organic Plant-Based Performance Protein Bar fills you up, packs as a lot or extra protein in it than every other bar on our record, tastes nice, comprises natural substances, and is NSF Licensed for Sport that means it’s examined and confirmed to be freed from all banned substances.
Whereas this bar is Licensed Natural, Non-GMO Verified, Gluten/Dairy/Soy free, Licensed Vegan, and each Knowledgeable Alternative.org and NSF Licensed for sport, it isn’t good. It has a bit extra sugar than different bars on our record and some substances like Erythritol which we aren’t in love with (despite the fact that it’s nonetheless natural), however you’ll battle to discover a higher tasting or extra clear protein bar on the market with this a lot protein in it.
So, when you’re able to strive the tastiest high-protein bar on the market, try the Chocolate Fudge, Chocolate Mint, Sea Salt Caramel, or Peanut Butter Chocolate.
#10 Professional Bar Meal Bar

In case you’re on the lookout for a protein bar that just about replaces a meal (when whole-food is out of attain :)), and has unbelievable style, that is your high choice. With two ~200 calorie bars in every wrapper, the Pro Bar Meal Bar is probably the most calorie packed bar on our record. Nevertheless, different lower-caloaires bars could maintain you full simply as lengthy since this has extra sugar, which can impression blood sugar in a means that makes starvation come again sooner.
The Pro Bar Meal Bar units itself from different bars by being “blended, not baked”. So, the consistency of the bar is actually distinctive and pleasing. Consider it like a sticky combine between cookie dough and path combine.
The Pro Bar Meal Bar uses organic, Non-GMO Project Certified Ingredients, and is Certified GF. Whereas these bars style nice, they arrive at a value with extra carbohydrates than most bars as and the addition of vegetable glycerin, a sugar alcohol. The additional carbs and sugar come from a mix of dates, tapioca and brown rice syrup, in addition to cane sugar. We additionally knock this bar down our record resulting from utilizing canola oil and the imprecise substances of “Pure Flavors” in addition to “Natural Taste”.
The Pro Bar Meal Bar is nice for many who burn a whole lot of energy and really want one thing to fill them up after they can’t have a whole-food meal, or those that merely can’t stand the style of most bars and wish one thing that tasts satisfying. The Professional Bar Meal has some actually superior flavors together with

#11 RBar Vitality and Protein Bars
Say hi there to pure deliciousness in 7 real-food substances or much less. We love RBars due to their style and dedication to purity. Those that love RX bars will get pleasure from RBars simply as a lot, if no more. The large bonus right here for some is that RBars don’t include egg as we see many athletes who should be egg free for a wide range of causes.
One other main bonus is that RBars are smaller in dimension in comparison with your typical protein bar. This makes them a lot simpler to hold and in addition scarf down mid coaching session or work assembly. RBar’s vitality bars are designed for a fast enhance or pre-workout gas and their protein bars are nice for put up exercise and even a day snack to hold you over till dinner. Our absolute favourite is the Chocolate Peanut Butter Energy Bar.
Excessive Protein Bars
Whereas most individuals use the time period “protein bar” very loosely, a real protein bar, or excessive protein bar for that matter means the bar comprises proportionally extra protein when in comparison with carbohydrate and fats. Right here at crew FWDfuel, we contemplate a excessive protein bar to incorporate 15g of protein or extra.
Hold studying to see our favourite examples of excessive protein bars.
#1 RAWR Organics Bars

The king of the jungle returns to its rightful high spot on our record beneath our high-protein bars class resulting from providing a number of bars with 19-20g of protein and three flavors (Double Dark Chocolate + Mint, Mocha + Chip, and Decaf Mocha + Chip) with 21g or protein per bar with 5g of fiber and solely 12 web carbs. Good luck discovering a better-tasting bar that provides that!
Modled to be a more healthy model of a Lady Scout Skinny Mint cookie, the Double Dark Chocolate + Mint is a great-tasting deal with worthy of being named of the very best protein AND cleanest protein bars round.
If espresso is your factor, you should definitely strive their Mocha + Chip and Decaf Mocha + Chip that are made with natural, truthful commerce espresso that’s freshly floor proper earlier than they make the bars that are all made on demand as orders are obtained. Moreover, the darkish chocolate chips are freed from cane sugar and are as a substitute sweetened with natural coconut sugar. Due to their use of natural, truthful commerce espresso and excessive protein, we imagine these flavors are the 2 finest natural protein bars a espresso lover may purchase.
If the mint or mocha flavors don’t tickle your fiddle, you could wish to strive a few of their superb flavors with simply 19-20.5g of protein akin to Dark Chocolate Raspberry, Dark Chocolate Peanut Butter, Dark Chocolate Almond Butter, Banana + Nut, Pumpkin + Pecan (our private 😋 favourite), Cookie Dough, and extra.
Unsure which taste to strive? Go for his or her “Super” Pack Sampler, which incorporates an assortment of all 10 of their flavors.

#1 VITAL PROTEINS & JENNIFER ANISTON PROTEIN AND COLLAGEN BAR
Fairly presumably certainly one of our favourite excessive protein bars of all time, this magical bar contains 17g of protein and solely 1g of sugar along with MCT oil for a mind enhance. These are additionally implausible in case you are on the lookout for extra joint and pores and skin assist because it’s not all the time possible to hold and blend powdered collagen into your meals and beverage.
#2 Rise Bar
Rise bars are one of the tastiest high-protein plant-based bars. Clocking in at 15g protein per serving, these little wonders include ONLY 5 INGREDIENTS!
Sure the sugar is added however it’s from the earth.
Take note, this might not be the best bar to snack on all day each day for somebody who lives a sedentary life. Nevertheless, since our viewers is predominately athletes, that is the right snack whenever you want slightly protein decide me up and must struggle that candy tooth.
And for our pals who haven’t any hassle tolerating cow’s milk merchandise:
#3 Excellent Bar
This well balanced bar comprises 19g protein! Not solely is that this a complete meals, excessive protein bar, nevertheless it additionally comprises 20 natural superfoods akin to dulse, celery, papaya, kelp and alfalfa to assist carry a lift to your day.
The place is the Finest Place to Purchase the Cleanest Protein Bars?

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OK so there we have now it. You no longer solely know the cleanest and tastiest protein bars, but in addition the best place to buy them!
Final however not least, in case you are on the hunt for a clear protein bar since you sense that you could be be experiencing meals sensitivities, one of the best place to start out is an elimination weight loss plan so as to enable you detect which meals(s) or ingredient (s) could also be inflicting you to react.
As we proceed on this well being journey with you, we’ll maintain our eyes peeled for the cleanest protein bars available on the market. Till then, we hope you benefit from the choice listed above! In case you’re thinking about extra detailed vitamin info and assist, try our teaching bundle! This teaching bundle means that you can work with professional sports activities dietitians, and study extra about cultivating a wholesome way of life. Don’t hesitate to contact our crew if in case you have any questions on clear protein bars.
What are your favourite protein bars? Have you ever had any dangerous experiences after consuming a bar or felt sluggish and didn’t know why? Please put up your questions and feedback, we’d love to listen to from you!

- IARCIARC Working Group!on the Analysis of the Carcinogenic Danger of Chemical compounds to People. Carrageenan. ARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Danger Hum 31:79–94.!1983.
- David S, Shani Levi C, L Fahoum L, et al. Revisiting the carrageenan controversy: do we actually perceive the digestive destiny and security of carrageenan in our meals? Meals Funct. 2018 Mar 1;9(3):1344-1352. doi: 10.1039/c7fo01721a. Epub 2018 Feb 22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29469913.
- Fahoum L, Moscovici A, David S, et al. Digestive destiny of dietary carrageenan: Proof of interference with digestive proteolysis and disruption of intestine epithelial perform. Mol Nutr Meals Res. 2017 Mar;61(3). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201600545. Epub 2017 Jan 25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27718308.
- The Middle for Science within the Public Curiosity. Chemical Delicacies. Accessed December 7, 2019. Out there at: https://cspinet.org/eating-healthy/chemical-cuisine#carrageenan.
- Suez J1, Korem T2, Zeevi D2, Zilberman-Schapira G3, Thaiss CA1, Maza O1, Israeli D4, Zmora N5, Gilad S6, Weinberger A7, Kuperman Y8, Harmelin A8, Kolodkin-Gal I9, Shapiro H1, Halpern Z10, Segal E7, Elinav E1. Synthetic sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the intestine microbiota. Nature. 2014 Oct 9;514(7521):181-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13793. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
- Oku T1, Hongo R, Nakamura S. Intestine Microbiome Response to Sucralose and Its Potential Function in Inducing Liver Irritation in Mice. Entrance Physiol. 2017 Jul 24;8:487. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00487. eCollection 2017.
- Ruskoné-Fourmestraux A1, Attar A, Chassard D, Coffin B, Bornet F, Bouhnik YA digestive tolerance research of maltitol after occasional and common consumption in wholesome people.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jan;57(1):26-30.
- Respondek F1, Hilpipre C1, Chauveau P2, Cazaubiel M2, Gendre D2, Maudet C2, Wagner A1. Digestive tolerance and postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses after consumption of dairy desserts containing maltitol and fructo-oligosaccharides in adults.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Could;68(5):575-80. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.30. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
- Oku T1, Hongo R, Nakamura S. Suppressive impact of cellulose on osmotic diarrhea attributable to maltitol in wholesome feminine topics.J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2008 Aug;54(4):309-14.
- Faeh, D., et al., Impact of fructose overfeeding and fish oil administration on hepatic de novo lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in wholesome males,Diabetes 2005 Jul;54(7):1907-13. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.54.7.1907.